Here is a list provided by Dr. Julie Mueller of ‘Effective Instructions’ and ‘Essential Elements of Instruction’ when teaching health and physical education in the ‘CURRICULUM PLANNING, INSTRUCTION, and SAFETY’ document:
Effective Instruction in Health and Physical Education:
1. Motivates students and instills responsible risk taking.
2. Based on the belief that all students can be successful and that learning in HPE is critical.
3. Based on diagnostic assessment of prior knowledge and skills
4. Provides appropriate level of challenge
5. Balance of both direct instruction and inquiry based instruction
6. Encourages higher-order thinking, critical and creative thinking
7. Includes participatory exploration and hands on activities
8. Provides wide range of activities
9. Includes developmentally appropriate activities
Essential Elements of Instruction (p. 60 – 64, Pangrazi & Gibbons, 2009):
1. Learning Outcomes that are observable and clearly define content to be learned.
2. Determine Instructional Entry Level and develop a progression of learning activities that lead to final outcome.
3. Use Anticipatory Set designed to focus students on learning outcomes.
4. Deliver Meaningful Skill Instruction that maximizes three key points; limits instructions to 30 to 60 seconds; presents information in easy to understand form; and separates management and instructional episodes.
5. Monitor Student Performance ensuring students are on-task and practicing correctly.
6. Use Teaching Cues which are precise; short and action-oriented; and, integrated.
7. Demonstrate Skills as teacher or using students.
8. Check for Understanding using hand signals; asking questions answered in choral response; direct forthcoming activities to all students; and use peer-assessment techniques.
9. Offer Guided Practice that allows students repeated opportunities checking for correct form immediately after instruction.
10. Bring Closure that reviews learning asking for key points, demonstrations or reflections.
The following is a list of effective instructional strategies to help teachers target all students:
https://www.teachinontario.ca/employment/En/3b_strategies.html
During a discussion post in the class, I commented on my ‘Ten Tips for Teaching HPE in K-6 Classrooms’, which I have included below because they are beneficial resources that I will definitely use in the future as a teacher. Some of these tips are applicable not only in the gym but also in the classroom!
Effective Instruction in Health and Physical Education:
1. Motivates students and instills responsible risk taking.
2. Based on the belief that all students can be successful and that learning in HPE is critical.
3. Based on diagnostic assessment of prior knowledge and skills
4. Provides appropriate level of challenge
5. Balance of both direct instruction and inquiry based instruction
6. Encourages higher-order thinking, critical and creative thinking
7. Includes participatory exploration and hands on activities
8. Provides wide range of activities
9. Includes developmentally appropriate activities
Essential Elements of Instruction (p. 60 – 64, Pangrazi & Gibbons, 2009):
1. Learning Outcomes that are observable and clearly define content to be learned.
2. Determine Instructional Entry Level and develop a progression of learning activities that lead to final outcome.
3. Use Anticipatory Set designed to focus students on learning outcomes.
4. Deliver Meaningful Skill Instruction that maximizes three key points; limits instructions to 30 to 60 seconds; presents information in easy to understand form; and separates management and instructional episodes.
5. Monitor Student Performance ensuring students are on-task and practicing correctly.
6. Use Teaching Cues which are precise; short and action-oriented; and, integrated.
7. Demonstrate Skills as teacher or using students.
8. Check for Understanding using hand signals; asking questions answered in choral response; direct forthcoming activities to all students; and use peer-assessment techniques.
9. Offer Guided Practice that allows students repeated opportunities checking for correct form immediately after instruction.
10. Bring Closure that reviews learning asking for key points, demonstrations or reflections.
The following is a list of effective instructional strategies to help teachers target all students:
https://www.teachinontario.ca/employment/En/3b_strategies.html
During a discussion post in the class, I commented on my ‘Ten Tips for Teaching HPE in K-6 Classrooms’, which I have included below because they are beneficial resources that I will definitely use in the future as a teacher. Some of these tips are applicable not only in the gym but also in the classroom!
- Continuously monitor students – have students in a circle formation so that they are all visible (e.g. stand by me – when the students stand in a circle beside the same players, according to a clock)
- Avoid elimination –allow all students to be constantly engaged in the activity (e.g. 30 second rule)
- Anchor chart – great to use big anchor charts in the gym to remind students of the tasks
- Aim to hit, not to hurt – important rule to communicate to students (e.g. objective of dodge ball is to eliminate the student by hitting them with the ball and not show how well you can whip the ball.
- Create “competitive” and “fun” teams by separating the competitive students to allow all students to actively participate and enjoy the activity
- Rock, Paper, Scissors (RPS) – quick and easy way to make decisions that can be used for conflict resolution
- Remember to chose a variety of students to demonstrate an activity/skill (e.g. not recommended to choose the pro-basketball player to demonstrate a lay up because that may tamper with other students’ confidence)
- Use a electronic/mouth whistle to establish cues (e.g. single whistle means freeze, double whistle means clean up)
- Warm ups - essential for stretching the body to decrease the risk of body inquires
- Pool noodles – safe and affordable equipment that have many purposes (e.g. variety of tag games)